[ effectiveness of Islamic religion therapy and breathing and HRV biofeedback therapy on increasing HRV and decreasing depression among CABG patients]

Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Islamic based religious psychotherapy, breathing-based meditation and HRV biofeedback therapy on increasing HRV and resonance frequency [psychophisologic harmony] and decreasing depression among CABG patients

Material and Method: Sixty CABG patients were selected and randomly assigned to three groups: religion, breathing techniques and control ones. Each group consisted of 20 patients The experimental groups received a weekly two-hour session with homework for eight weeks to increase psychophysiolgical harmony. The control group received only their normal hospital interventions. HRV and resonance frequency and DASS-21questionnaire were used for patient assessment before and after intervention. One way ANCOVA and descriptive graphs were used for data analysis

Results: The results showed that religion related intervention led to increased psychophysiolgical harmony and decreased depression in CABG patients

Conclusion: Most CABG patients developed some degree of depression which may be ignored in the treatment centers. Therefore psychological intervention and breathing-based meditation intervention are recommended

[Radiographical study of osteoarthrosis in dogs]

Degenerative joint disease [DJD] is a non-inflammatory and noninfectious disorder of movable joints characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage and new bone formation around the joints. There is no comprehensive report about the prevalence of DJD in dogs in Iran. The aim of this radiographical study was to evaluate the rate of DJD and the influencing factors such as age, sex, breed and location of the joint in dogs referred to the Radiology Division of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Tehran. Atotal of 1896 canine cases were studied during a period of five years [1382-1386]. Two hundred and thirty two cases were x-rayed with each having the problem of joint disease. Radiographic evidence of DJD was found in 21.12% of the examined dogs. Degenerative joint disease of the vertebral column was diagnosed in 6.46% of all the cases. Degenerative changes of appendicular joints were found in 14.65% of the cases. The incidence of osteoarthrosis of the forelimbs was 47% among cases with DJD of appendicular joints. The rate of osteoarthrosis of hind limbs was 53%. The highest rate of DJD of appendicular joints was seen in the hip joints [38.23%]. This study demonstrated that radiographic changes of DJD were more discernible in large breed dogs [34.56%], as compared to small breeds [13.63%] [p

relationship between household food insecurity status and depression in mothers with school children living in ray in 2010

Food insecurity has been a global concern. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between household food insecurity and depression in mothers with school children in Ray City A cross-sectional survey of 430 mothers of school children was conducted in 2010 in Ray city. We employed USDA food security questionnaire. The prevalence of depression in mothers was assessed by Beck Depression Inventory [DBI]. Household food insecurity was identified approximately in fifty percent of participants and frequency of depression was 51.4% in mothers. Depression in 'food secure' group was 34.6%, and in 'food insecure with hunger' group was 77.8%. There was a positive, relationship between depression and food insecurity in mothers having primary school children living in Ray. The findings of this study revealed that level of food insecurity among mothers seems high. This study highlights the need to integrate programs addressing food insecurity and poor mental health for mothers

Evaluation of accessibility of lodinated salt and nutritional iodine status during pregnancy

To assess accessibility of lodinated salt and urinary iodine concentrations [UIC] during pregnancy. This cross-sectional study was carried out between October and December, 2009 in Urmia County, West Azerbaijan [WA], Iran. Data on demographic characteristics and iodinated salt accessibility were gathered through a questionnaire at 1st trimester. Household salt samples and urine samples [1st -and 3rd trimesters] were analyzed for iodine content. Pregnant women [n=490] at 1st trimester were interviewed. Of these, 490 subjects [12 prenatal care centers] were enrolled. All participants declared that they were exclusive users of iodinated salt. Segregation of the household salt samples according to iodine content [0, 8, 15 and 30 ppm] revealed that the respective distributions were 3.3%, 1.4%, 23.7% and 71.6%. Median UIC levels at 1st and 3rd trimesters were 73.5 microg/L and 114microg/L respectively. Accordingly, 86% and 70% of participants exhibited UIC < 150 microg/L. Median UIC during pregnancy in WA is markedly lower than those previously reported for regions with adequate iodine status in the country. Thus, extra iodine is needed to maintain adequate iodine store during gestation. In addition, this preliminary study reveals that a significant proportion [28%] of the household salt samples had low iodine content [20 and <40 ppm] is mandatory in Iran. Further studies are deemed necessary to elucidate the cause[s] for manifestation iodine deficiency among pregnant women despite 20 years after iodine fortification strategy

[ relationship between type of pet ownning and pet owner personality and mental health care]

Due to conflicts in the results of previous studies comparing the mental health and personality characteristics of pet owners and non-pet owners, and because of the lack of similar research in the Iranian society, this study was conducted to compare the mental health and personality characteristics of pet owners and non-pet owners. The test group consisted of 400 individuals who referred to the veterinary clinic of the University of Tehran in a 12-month period, and 100 non-pet owners as a control group that were matched based on sex and age with the owners. The International Personality Item Pool [IPIP] and General Mental Health Questionnaire [GHQ- 28] were applied for data collection. Data analysis, using multivariate analysis of variance showed that all groups of pet owners were less open to experience than control group members. Furthermore, mental health problems were observed at a higher frequency in pet owners. Therefore, it was concluded that the causes and conditions of pet ownership in the Iranian culture could be different from those in other cultures

[Psychological disorders among inhabint residing in poor social district of Gorgan, Iran]

Normal psychological behaviour is one of the general concept of health. This study was carried out to evalute psychological disorders among inhabint residing in poor social district of Gorgan, Iran. This cross-sectional study was done on 376 subjects [188 males and 188 females] with simple random sampling method. Data were gathered using the general health questionnaire [GHQ-28]. Data was analyzed by SPSS-16, Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson tests. The prevalence of psychological disorders was 37% [33.5% in men, 40.4% in women], depression was 24.45% [22.5% in men and 26.4% in women] and anxiety was 31.6% [31.2% in men, 32% in women]. Social affairs disorder 21% [19.2% in men, 22.7% in women] and psychosomatic disorders in 28.5% [22% of men, 35% of women]. The relationship between psychological disorder with economic level and family size was significant [P<0.05]. This study showed that 37% of inhabint residing in poor social district of Gorgan, Northern Iran had psychological disorders

[Effects of movement practices in virtual environment on upper limb function of children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy]

Virtual Reality is a computer technology with virtual environment and objects, which people manipulate virtual environment through active participation. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of practice in virtual environment on upper limb function of children with spastic hemiparetic cerebral palsy. In this single blinded, randomized, controlled trial, 16 children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy were evaluated in a simple random sampling of Ahvaz city in 2 groups [virtual reality and control]. Treatment protocol consisted of one and half hours sessions of practice in virtual environment for 4-week, every other day. Measures were conducted pre, post and 3-month after the treatment period by Pediatrics Motor Activity Log and Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor proficiency. Sample randomization and data analysis by analysis of variance with repeated measures were conducted by SPSS-16 software in alpha level set at 0.05. Subjects in virtual reality group showed significant improvement [p<0.01] in post-test measures [bruininks-oseretsky test of motor proficiency, speed and dexterity: mean change from 0.25 +/- 0.06 to 1.22 +/- 0.23]. Results were retained for both groups in follow up session. Virtual reality technology through intensive and repetitive practice in an interactive and motivational environment is a promising method to improve upper limb function of children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy

Evaluation of pulmonary regurgitation following tetralogy of fallot repair

Pulmonary regurgitation [PR] is the most important residual lesion remaining after the repair of Tetralogy of Fallot [TOF]. Through a thorough review of the data, statistics of patients undergoing pulmonary valve replacement following total correction for TOF and analyzing these data, the following study was performed and presented below. Database search for medical records of patients undergoing pulmonary valve replacement following total correction for TOF was performed and the data gathered, analyzed, and presented. The age of the patients [22.21 +/- 6.98 years old], time elapsed between the two operations, right ventricular ejection fraction [mildly decreased, 18.6%; moderately decreased, 67.9%; and severely decreased, 12.2% of cases], aneurysm in the outflow tract of the right ventricle [20.8%], tricuspid regurgitation [56.6%], tricuspid steno sis [1 case], valve type used for pulmonary valve replacement [biologic, 86.6%; metallic, 11.2%; and homograft, 1.9%], pulmonary artery pressure [<25mmHg, 34 cases [64.2%]; 25mmHg - 50mmHg, 7 cases [13.2%]; 50mmHg-75mmHg, 1 case [1.9%], and > 75mmHg, 1 case] were evaluated. Although right ventricular volume overload due to severe pulmonary regurgitation after repair of TOF can be tolerated for years, there is now evidence that the compensatory mechanisms of the right ventricular myocardium ultimately fail and that if the volume overload is not eliminated or reduced, this dysfunction may be irreversible. In light of those data and with better understanding of risk factors for adverse outcomes late after TOF repair, many centers are now recommending early pulmonary valve replacement before symptoms of heart failure develop

[Survey of optimal temperature and moisture for worms growth and operating vermicompost production of food wastes]

Nowadays vermicompost production of food wastes is posed as one of appropriate methods to food wastes. disposal, its production used in agriculture and gardening. Moreover this process has some by products beside useful fertilizer that one of them is the worms. we can use them in variety of products specially in production of poultry and fish food. So determination of optimal condition for operating vermicompost production process of food wastes and worms. growth in these wastes is important. The aim of this study was determination of optimal temperature and moisture range for process progression in vermicompost production of food wastes. In this study we used Eisenia foetida species. Process performed in pots with 15 cm [h] and 12 cm [d] and in a mouth period of time. Three ranges of temperature including 5-15, 15-25, 25-35 °C and three ranges of moisture including 55-65%, 65-75%, 75-85% were applied in this study. Multivariate analysis was used for analyze of results and it showed that influence of temperature and moisture on C:N ratio is significant in vermicomposting process [p < 0.05]. The results showed that the range of temperature 15-25 °C is more appropriate for operating of process. Due to these study's results with increasing or reduction of ambient temperature, like summer and winter, conservation of moisture around the range of 65-75%, is effective in better performance of the process. According to this study's results, it seems that the temperature of 15- 25 °C and moisture of 65-75% are better conditions for worm's growth

Survey of peanut fungal contamination and its relationship with ambient conditions in the Bazar of Zanjan

Different food products such as corn, wheat and peanut have shown high potential to be contaminated in suitable environmental conditions, such as temperature and humidity. Some fungi can produce toxins, like Aflatoxin, and some of them are carcinogen. The purpose of this research was to study fungal contamination in peanuts being sold in the BAZAR of the city of Zanjan. 20 samples of 50g roasted and salted peanuts and 16 samples of 50g unsalted peanuts [pure] were collected from Zanjan Bazar. Ambient conditions such as light intensity, temperature and air flow of the BAZAR and also the relative humidity of peanuts were measured. Samples were analyzed for fungal colony and were identified using slide culture technique. Results showed that Mold fungi were dominant among the colonies as. Aspergillus flavus [39.1%], Penicillium [9.2%], Rhizopus [7.2%], Mucor [2.5%], Alternaria [1.03%] and Nigrospora [0.5%]. Temperature and the samples relative humidity were higher than the standard range. The results indicated a significant relation between relative humidity, light intensity, temperature and peanuts' type [pure or salted] with level of fungal contamination. Also, roasting and processing reduced the relative humidity of peanuts and the level of contamination. Hence roasting, salting and provision of appropriate ambient conditions can be useful to peanut storage

[ study on metal health status and personality traits of pet owners]

Many Iranian families manage to keep pets at home. Examining psychological consequences and personality traits of pet owners is important. The aim of this study was to examine mental health status and personality traits of pet owners. In this descriptive study, 612 pet owners [143 cat owners, 162 dog owners, 155 bird owners and 152 other pet owners] were asked to complete General Health Questionnaire [GHQ] and IPIP Personality Scale from January to December 2006. Bird owners had the highest [234 cases [38.3%]] and other pet owners had the lowest [129 cases [42.3%]] mental health problems. In general, 188 cases [30.7%] of all groups had mental health problems. 122 cases [20%] of them had somatic compliance, 182 cases [29.7%] had anxiety, 149 cases [24.3%] had social dysfunction and 84 cases [13.7%] had depression. Bird owners had significant high level of social dysfunction than other pet owners. With respect to personality traits, dog owners had low level of agreeableness and openness to experience than other groups. Other pet owners had high level of emotional stability than other groups. Contrary to other countries, it seems that having a pet in home enhances the probability of mental disorders in Iran. It is possible that lower mental health persons were keeping pets in Iran. In personality perspectives, dog owners are more disagreeable people and other pet owners are more emotionally stable ones

[ comparative study of attachment styles in persons with or without substance use disorders]

The aim of this study was to compare the attachment styles of persons with or without substance use disorders. Two hundred and forty volunteers [120 patients, 120 controls] were included in this study. All participants were asked to complete Substance Use Disorders Questionnaire [SUDQ] and Adult Attachment Inventory [AAI]. Analysis of the data involved both descriptive and inferential statistics including means, standard deviations, t-tests, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and regression analysis. The results revealed a significant difference between attachment styles of the patients with substance, [opioid], use disorders and controls. Secure and insecure attachment styles had significant negative and positive correlations, respectively, with opioid dependency. Attachment styles of patients with substance use disorders with opioid abuse are influenced by processes of family interactions, social control, affection regulation and self-efficacy

Evaluation of Possibility of Using Core Max II in Bonding Orthodontic Brackets to Teeth

Different adhesives have been used for bonding orthodontic brackets to teeth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using Core Max II in bracket bonding by comparing it's shear bond strength with the two commonly used orthodontic adhesives; Transbond XT and Unite. In this interventional study, 105 human premolars were divided into 3 groups of 35 each. After etching with 37% phosphoric acid, Dyna-Lock stainless steel brackets [3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA] with the average base surface area of 12.09 mm2 were bonded with three different adhesives; Core Max II [Sankin, Tokyo, Japan] Transbond XT [3M Unitek] and Unite [3M Unitek]. The shear bond strength of 3 groups were measured by a universal testing machine [Instron 3401, Canton, Mass] with cross- head speed of 0.5 mm/min. Adhesive Remnant Index [ARI] was determined under 10[X] magnification. For data analysis, SPSS statistical package was used. Mean shear bond strength of Core Max II [17.24 +/- 3.2 MPa] was significantly higher than Transbond XT [15.44 +/- 2.2 MPa] [P=0.009] but had not statistically difference with Unite [17.16 +/- 3.7 MPa] [P=0.93]. Evaluation of ARI indicated that 83% of Core Max II samples had score 0 or 1 and 17% had score 2 or 3. These percentages were 66% and 34% for Transbond XT and 77% and 23% for Unite, respectively. In this study, it was concluded that: 1] Core Max II had a shear bond strength higher that Transbond XT and equal to Unite. 2] ARI of Core Max II showed a higher frequency of score 0 and 1, which indicated that after debonding, most of the adhesive remains on the bracket base. 3] Core Max II has the potential of being a good orthodontic adhesive

[ comparative evaluation of the stability of four processing solutions [Champion, Cronex, Teifsaz, Novin] in processing of intraoral films after time intervals]

In order to obtain good radiographs having optimum processing solution is important. Generallyafter a period of time the solutions will be oxidized and loose their efficacy. The goal of present research iscomparison of the quality stability of four processing solutions available in market "Champion, Teifsaz, Cronex andNovin".One hundred and twenty eight intraoral radiographic films of one type withspecific speed were exposed under identical exposure factors. A metal step wedge was used for the image.Each 4 days two periapical films were exposed and processed this was continued for two months. Finallyoptical density of radiographs processed in each solution were measured and compared according to the dayof investigation.All of the four solutions created acceptable density on the radiographs on the first day but there was adecrease in optical density after a period of time. Generally the Champion solution made the best density andafter that were Cronex, Teifsaz and Novin. There was a decrease in the quality ofTeifsaz, Cronex, Champion andNovin in order.As the composition and percentage of these four solutions are different, the stability of them arealso different. Champion was found to have the best quality among three other processing solutions